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As a matter of interest, nice to see the evolution these last years of the doses of rEPO administered by anti-doping researchers in the clinical trials used for the development of new approaches to fight against rEPO.
In 1995, the doses that were injected were 300 units per kilo (see eg Breymann et al, Br J Haemat 1996). Very large supra-physiological doses. In 2000, after the introduction of the rEPO test in urine, the doses decreased to 80 units per kilo. Still supra-physiological, but the doses already decreased significantly. With the improvement of the rEPO test, the introduction of limits on OFF-score and other improvements, the term "rEPO microdosing" appeared in 2004. At that time "microdosing" meant 40 units per kilo. In 2006, microdosing was 20 units per kilo (Ashenden et al, Haematologica 2006). In 2008 the Athlete's Biological Passport was introduced and the last study about microdosing used doses as low as 10 units per kilo (Ashenden et al, Eur J Appl Physiol 2011, in press).
A 30-times decrease in 15 years, that is impressive.
The last studies in the field (still unpublished data) suggest that new markers in the athlete's passport will be able to detect doses that are so low that there is virtually no advantage to take any erythroiesis stimulating agent. Icing on the cake, it will also be more difficult for athletes to hemodilute their blood.
As a matter of interest, nice to see the evolution these last years of the doses of rEPO administered by anti-doping researchers in the clinical trials used for the development of new approaches to fight against rEPO.
In 1995, the doses that were injected were 300 units per kilo (see eg Breymann et al, Br J Haemat 1996). Very large supra-physiological doses. In 2000, after the introduction of the rEPO test in urine, the doses decreased to 80 units per kilo. Still supra-physiological, but the doses already decreased significantly. With the improvement of the rEPO test, the introduction of limits on OFF-score and other improvements, the term "rEPO microdosing" appeared in 2004. At that time "microdosing" meant 40 units per kilo. In 2006, microdosing was 20 units per kilo (Ashenden et al, Haematologica 2006). In 2008 the Athlete's Biological Passport was introduced and the last study about microdosing used doses as low as 10 units per kilo (Ashenden et al, Eur J Appl Physiol 2011, in press).
A 30-times decrease in 15 years, that is impressive.
The last studies in the field (still unpublished data) suggest that new markers in the athlete's passport will be able to detect doses that are so low that there is virtually no advantage to take any erythroiesis stimulating agent. Icing on the cake, it will also be more difficult for athletes to hemodilute their blood.
